DOE 2025 Representative Average Unit Costs of Residential Energy Sources
AI-generated summary for informational purposes only. Not legal advice. See the original source for the authoritative text.
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has published its annual forecast of representative average unit costs for five residential energy sources for the year 2025, as mandated by the Energy Policy and Conservation Act (EPCA). This notice serves as the official reference for energy cost data used in DOE's Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products. The five energy sources covered are electricity, natural gas, No. 2 heating oil, propane, and kerosene. These forecasted unit costs are used to calculate the estimated annual operating costs of household appliances and consumer products, which must be disclosed on EnergyGuide labels affixed to products such as refrigerators, water heaters, and HVAC systems. The data directly informs manufacturers, retailers, and consumers about comparative energy costs across fuel types, enabling informed purchasing decisions. It also feeds into DOE's regulatory analysis for setting and updating appliance efficiency standards under EPCA.
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Key Changes
- DOE forecasts representative average unit costs for 2025 covering electricity, natural gas, No. 2 heating oil, propane, and kerosene
- Updated cost figures replace the prior year's values as the official benchmark for appliance energy cost disclosures
- Revised unit costs feed directly into EnergyGuide label calculations for consumer appliances sold in the U.S.
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Obligations
What this law requires
Publish annual forecast of representative average unit costs for five residential energy sources (electricity, natural gas, No. 2 heating oil, propane, and kerosene) for the year 2025
Use DOE's forecasted unit costs to calculate estimated annual operating costs of household appliances and consumer products for disclosure purposes
Disclose estimated annual operating costs on EnergyGuide labels affixed to applicable products such as refrigerators, water heaters, and HVAC systems
Apply DOE's forecasted energy cost data in regulatory analysis for setting and updating appliance efficiency standards under the Energy Policy and Conservation Act