#E2025J0016EFTA Court Judgment: Iceland Found in Breach for Failing to Implement EU Explosives Precursors Regulation (2019/1148)

On 10 December 2025, the EFTA Court issued a judgment in Case E-16/25 finding that Iceland had failed to fulfil its EEA obligations by not implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1148 on the marketing and use of explosives precursors. The case was brought by the EFTA Surveillance Authority, which acts as the enforcement watchdog for EEA/EFTA states. Regulation (EU) 2019/1148 is an EU law designed to reduce the risk of terrorist attacks and criminal activities by restricting public access to certain chemicals that can be misused to manufacture homemade explosives. It sets out rules on which substances require licensing, reporting obligations for suspicious transactions, and labelling requirements. Iceland, as an EEA member, was obligated to incorporate this regulation into its national legal framework within the required transposition deadline. By failing to do so, Iceland left a regulatory gap in its domestic controls over explosives precursor chemicals, potentially undermining both public safety and the coherent application of EEA law. The judgment represents a formal declaration of infringement, and Iceland is now required to take immediate steps to implement the regulation. Non-compliance following such a ruling can result in further proceedings and financial penalties.

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